3.3 Design layout using Klayout
Table of contents
Install the required software
1. Download and install klayout with the required packages
wget https://www.klayout.org/downloads/Ubuntu-22/klayout_0.29.4-1_amd64.deb sudo apt-get install libqt5designer5 libqt5multimedia5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5multimediawidgets5 \ libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5 libqt5xmlpatterns5 libruby3.0 libgit2-1.1 sudo dpkg -i klayout_0.29.4-1_amd64.deb
cass@UNIC:~/gcd_example$ wget https://www.klayout.org/downloads/Ubuntu-22/klayout_0.29.4-1_amd64.deb --2024-07-23 22:00:11-- https://www.klayout.org/downloads/Ubuntu-22/klayout_0.29.4-1_amd64.deb Resolving www.klayout.org (www.klayout.org)... 178.77.102.107 Connecting to www.klayout.org (www.klayout.org)|178.77.102.107|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 62539776 (60M) [application/x-debian-package] Saving to: ‘klayout_0.29.4-1_amd64.deb’ klayout_0.29.4-1_amd64.deb 100%[==========================================>] 59.64M 8.90MB/s in 7.4s 2024-07-23 22:00:18 (8.07 MB/s) - ‘klayout_0.29.4-1_amd64.deb’ saved [62539776/62539776] cass@UNIC:~/gcd_example$ sudo apt-get install libqt5designer5 libqt5multimedia5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5multimediawidgets5 \ libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5 libqt5xmlpatterns5 libruby3.0 libgit2-1.1 [sudo] password for cass: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: fonts-lato libdouble-conversion3 libice6 libinput-bin libinput10 libmd4c0 libmtdev1 libpcre2-16-0 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5 libqt5network5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5svg5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5 libsm6 libwacom-bin libwacom-common libwacom9 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xinput0 libxcb-xkb1 libxkbcommon-x11-0 qt5-gtk-platformtheme qttranslations5-l10n rake ruby ruby-net-telnet ruby-rubygems ruby-webrick ruby-xmlrpc ruby3.0 rubygems-integration unzip zip Suggested packages: qt5-image-formats-plugins qtwayland5 ri ruby-dev bundler The following NEW packages will be installed: fonts-lato libdouble-conversion3 libice6 libinput-bin libinput10 libmd4c0 libmtdev1 libpcre2-16-0 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5designer5 libqt5gui5 libqt5multimedia5 libqt5multimediawidgets5 libqt5network5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5svg5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5 libqt5xmlpatterns5 libruby3.0 libsm6 libwacom-bin libwacom-common libwacom9 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xinput0 libxcb-xkb1 libxkbcommon-x11-0 qt5-gtk-platformtheme qttranslations5-l10n rake ruby ruby-net-telnet ruby-rubygems ruby-webrick ruby-xmlrpc ruby3.0 rubygems-integration unzip zip 0 upgraded, 50 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded. Need to get 25.6 MB of archives. After this operation, 101 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 fonts-lato all 2.0-2.1 [2696 kB] ... Get:50 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 zip amd64 3.0-12build2 [176 kB] Fetched 25.6 MB in 6s (4442 kB/s) Extracting templates from packages: 100% Selecting previously unselected package fonts-lato. (Reading database ... 51612 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-fonts-lato_2.0-2.1_all.deb ... Unpacking fonts-lato (2.0-2.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libdouble-conversion3:amd64. ... Preparing to unpack .../49-zip_3.0-12build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking zip (3.0-12build2) ... Setting up libice6:amd64 (2:1.0.10-1build2) ... Setting up libdouble-conversion3:amd64 (3.1.7-4) ... ... Setting up ruby-rubygems (3.3.5-2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Processing triggers for udev (249.11-0ubuntu3.12) ... Processing triggers for fontconfig (2.13.1-4.2ubuntu5) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.8) ... cass@UNIC:~/gcd_example$ sudo dpkg -i klayout_0.29.4-1_amd64.deb (Reading database ... 56045 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack klayout_0.29.4-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking klayout (0.29.4-1) over (0.29.4-1) ... Setting up klayout (0.29.4-1) ... cass@UNIC:~/gcd_example$ klayout openlane/gcd/runs/RUN_*/results/signoff/gcd.gds -nn $PDK_ROOT/$PDK/libs.tech/klayout/tech/$PDK.lyt -l $PDK_ROOT/$PDK/libs.tech/klayout/tech/$PDK.lyp
2. Install gdsfactory for the PDK
For OpenPDKs version 2024.08.17 installed with Volare, you can install the lastest version of pydantic and gdsfactory 8.7.3 for Klayout:
pip3 install gdsfactory==8.7.3
cass@unic-cass:~$ pip3 install gdsfactory Requirement already satisfied: gdsfactory in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (6.33.0) Requirement already satisfied: click in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (8.1.7) Requirement already satisfied: flatdict in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (4.0.1) Requirement already satisfied: gdstk in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (0.9.53) Requirement already satisfied: loguru in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (0.7.2) Requirement already satisfied: matplotlib in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (3.9.1) Requirement already satisfied: numpy in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (1.26.4) Requirement already satisfied: omegaconf in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (2.3.0) Requirement already satisfied: orjson in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (3.10.6) Requirement already satisfied: pandas in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (2.2.2) Requirement already satisfied: pydantic in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (1.10.0) Requirement already satisfied: pyyaml in /home/cass/eda/unic-cass/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (6.0.1) Requirement already satisfied: qrcode in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (7.4.2) Requirement already satisfied: rectpack in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (0.2.2) Requirement already satisfied: scipy in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (1.14.0) Requirement already satisfied: shapely in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (2.0.5) Requirement already satisfied: toolz in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (0.12.1) Requirement already satisfied: tqdm in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (4.66.5) Requirement already satisfied: types-PyYAML in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (6.0.12.20240724) Requirement already satisfied: typing_extensions in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (4.12.2) Requirement already satisfied: watchdog in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory) (4.0.1) Requirement already satisfied: oldest-supported-numpy in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdstk->gdsfactory) (0.9) Requirement already satisfied: contourpy>=1.0.1 in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory) (1.2.1) Requirement already satisfied: cycler>=0.10 in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory) (0.12.1) Requirement already satisfied: fonttools>=4.22.0 in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory) (4.53.1) Requirement already satisfied: kiwisolver>=1.3.1 in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory) (1.4.5) Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20.0 in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory) (24.1) Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=8 in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory) (10.4.0) Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.3.1 in /home/cass/eda/unic-cass/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory) (3.1.2) Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.7 in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory) (2.9.0.post0) Requirement already satisfied: antlr4-python3-runtime==4.9.* in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from omegaconf->gdsfactory) (4.9.3) Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2020.1 in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from pandas->gdsfactory) (2024.1) Requirement already satisfied: tzdata>=2022.7 in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from pandas->gdsfactory) (2024.1) Requirement already satisfied: pypng in /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from qrcode->gdsfactory) (0.20220715.0) Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in /home/cass/eda/unic-cass/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.7->matplotlib->gdsfactory) (1.16.0)
For Open PDKs with version smaller than 2024.08.17
By default, the open PDK installation already contains the tech files for Klayout. However, they are designed with a previous version of gdsfactory and pydantic. Therefore, it is neccessary to install the old version of gdsfactory and pydantic so that the pdk can be used with the PDK.
pip3 install pydantic==1.10 gdsfactory==6.33.0cass@unic-cass:~$ pip3 install pydantic==1.10 gdsfactory==6.33.0 Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable Collecting pydantic==1.10 Downloading pydantic-1.10.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (12.7 MB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 12.7/12.7 MB 19.3 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Collecting gdsfactory==6.33.0 Downloading gdsfactory-6.33.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.0 MB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1.0/1.0 MB 21.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions>=4.1.0 in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from pydantic==1.10) (4.12.2) Requirement already satisfied: shapely in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (2.0.5) Collecting tqdm Downloading tqdm-4.66.5-py3-none-any.whl (78 kB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 78.4/78.4 KB 16.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Requirement already satisfied: numpy in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (1.26.4) Requirement already satisfied: orjson in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (3.10.6) Requirement already satisfied: matplotlib in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (3.9.1) Requirement already satisfied: types-PyYAML in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (6.0.12.20240724) Requirement already satisfied: watchdog in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (4.0.1) Requirement already satisfied: scipy in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (1.14.0) Requirement already satisfied: toolz in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (0.12.1) Requirement already satisfied: click in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (8.1.7) Requirement already satisfied: pandas in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (2.2.2) Requirement already satisfied: pyyaml in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (5.4.1) Collecting omegaconf Downloading omegaconf-2.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (79 kB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 79.5/79.5 KB 12.9 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Collecting flatdict Downloading flatdict-4.0.1.tar.gz (8.3 kB) Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done Requirement already satisfied: loguru in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (0.7.2) Requirement already satisfied: rectpack in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (0.2.2) Collecting gdstk Downloading gdstk-0.9.53-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl (533 kB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 533.9/533.9 KB 24.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Requirement already satisfied: qrcode in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from gdsfactory==6.33.0) (7.4.2) Collecting oldest-supported-numpy Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2023.12.21-py3-none-any.whl (4.9 kB) Requirement already satisfied: cycler>=0.10 in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (0.12.1) Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20.0 in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (24.1) Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.7 in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (2.9.0.post0) Requirement already satisfied: kiwisolver>=1.3.1 in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (1.4.5) Requirement already satisfied: contourpy>=1.0.1 in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (1.2.1) Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=8 in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (10.4.0) Requirement already satisfied: fonttools>=4.22.0 in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (4.53.1) Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.3.1 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from matplotlib->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (2.4.7) Collecting antlr4-python3-runtime==4.9.* Downloading antlr4-python3-runtime-4.9.3.tar.gz (117 kB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 117.0/117.0 KB 18.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done Requirement already satisfied: tzdata>=2022.7 in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from pandas->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (2024.1) Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2020.1 in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from pandas->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (2024.1) Requirement already satisfied: pypng in ./.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from qrcode->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (0.20220715.0) Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.7->matplotlib->gdsfactory==6.33.0) (1.16.0) Collecting oldest-supported-numpy Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2023.12.12-py3-none-any.whl (4.9 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2023.10.25-py3-none-any.whl (4.9 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2023.8.3-py3-none-any.whl (4.8 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2022.11.19-py3-none-any.whl (4.9 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2022.8.16-py3-none-any.whl (3.9 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2022.5.28-py3-none-any.whl (3.9 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2022.5.27-py3-none-any.whl (3.9 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2022.4.18-py3-none-any.whl (3.9 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2022.4.10-py3-none-any.whl (3.9 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2022.4.8-py3-none-any.whl (3.9 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2022.3.27-py3-none-any.whl (3.9 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-2022.1.30-py3-none-any.whl (3.9 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-0.15-py3-none-any.whl (3.8 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-0.14-py3-none-any.whl (3.8 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-0.13-py3-none-any.whl (3.8 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-0.12-py3-none-any.whl (3.8 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-0.11-py3-none-any.whl (3.8 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-0.10-py3-none-any.whl (3.8 kB) Downloading oldest_supported_numpy-0.9-py3-none-any.whl (3.8 kB) Building wheels for collected packages: flatdict, antlr4-python3-runtime Building wheel for flatdict (setup.py) ... done Created wheel for flatdict: filename=flatdict-4.0.1-py3-none-any.whl size=6946 sha256=843df00b489163c7b06e16af1cd2cfb2c6bebaaf7a7a6b706e383eedeced2db6 Stored in directory: /home/cass/.cache/pip/wheels/71/12/62/88c5bf37619c2d7481eedb8abd0dde6674e88dce45a7805a6f Building wheel for antlr4-python3-runtime (setup.py) ... done Created wheel for antlr4-python3-runtime: filename=antlr4_python3_runtime-4.9.3-py3-none-any.whl size=144575 sha256=6ccc789f243c1feb08ae8444af9846b70d86b5c4c4f05f553422e33b87312ab5 Stored in directory: /home/cass/.cache/pip/wheels/12/93/dd/1f6a127edc45659556564c5730f6d4e300888f4bca2d4c5a88 Successfully built flatdict antlr4-python3-runtime Installing collected packages: flatdict, antlr4-python3-runtime, tqdm, pydantic, omegaconf, oldest-supported-numpy, gdstk, gdsfactory Attempting uninstall: pydantic Found existing installation: pydantic 2.8.2 Uninstalling pydantic-2.8.2: Successfully uninstalled pydantic-2.8.2 Attempting uninstall: gdsfactory Found existing installation: gdsfactory 8.6.2 Uninstalling gdsfactory-8.6.2: Successfully uninstalled gdsfactory-8.6.2 ERROR: pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the source of the following dependency conflicts. pydantic-settings 2.4.0 requires pydantic>=2.7.0, but you have pydantic 1.10.0 which is incompatible. pydantic-extra-types 2.9.0 requires pydantic>=2.5.2, but you have pydantic 1.10.0 which is incompatible. kfactory 0.18.4 requires pydantic<3,>=2.0.2, but you have pydantic 1.10.0 which is incompatible. Successfully installed antlr4-python3-runtime-4.9.3 flatdict-4.0.1 gdsfactory-6.33.0 gdstk-0.9.53 oldest-supported-numpy-0.9 omegaconf-2.3.0 pydantic-1.10.0 tqdm-4.66.5
Fixing Skywater 130nm to run with Klayout
The current version of OpenPDK for Sky130A has a bug in the configuration file when it is used with Klayout. Thefore, you have to run the following command to tweak the tech files for Klayout:
sed -i -e 's/sky130/sky130A/' $PDK_ROOT/$PDK/libs.tech/klayout/tech/sky130A.lyt
This command will replace the string sky130 into the string sky130A in libs.tech/klayout/tech/sky130A.lyt
sed -i -e '/<?xml/d' $PDK_ROOT/$PDK/libs.tech/klayout/pymacros/sky130.lymThis command will delete this line
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>inlibs.tech/klayout/pymacros/sky130.lym
After that you can run Klayout without any problem.
The problem explained
When you first run Klayout without the above fixes, you will have this message. The XML Parser complain about an invalid name in line 17.
KLAYOUT_HOME=$PDK_ROOT/$PDK/libs.tech/klayout klayout -e
cass@unic-cass:~$ KLAYOUT_HOME=$PDK_ROOT/$PDK/libs.tech/klayout klayout -e ERROR: Reading /home/cass/unic-cass/pdks/sky130A/libs.tech/klayout/pymacros/sky130.lym: XML parser error: invalid name for processing instruction in line 17, column 6 ERROR: Reading /home/cass/unic-cass/pdks/sky130A/libs.tech/klayout/pymacros/sky130.lym: XML parser error: invalid name for processing instruction in line 17, column 6 ERROR: Reading /home/cass/unic-cass/pdks/sky130A/libs.tech/klayout/pymacros/sky130.lym: XML parser error: invalid name for processing instruction in line 17, column 6
We delete line 17 by using the following command:
sed -i -e '/<?xml/d' $PDK_ROOT/$PDK/libs.tech/klayout/pymacros/sky130.lym
Now run Klayout again in edit mode with the Skywater 130 PDK using this command:
KLAYOUT_HOME=$PDK_ROOT/$PDK/libs.tech/klayout klayout -e
This time, the Klayout can run; however, when you create the layout with sky130 technology by selecting File >> New Layout. A new diaglog will open. In New Layout dialog, you select “sky130 - SkyWater 130nm technology” then press OK.
A new error will appear in the terminal as followings:
cass@unic-cass:~$ KLAYOUT_HOME=$PDK_ROOT/$PDK/libs.tech/klayout klayout -e 2024-08-13 12:06:27.171 | INFO | gdsfactory.config:<module>:51 - Load '/home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/gdsfactory' 6.33.0 2024-08-13 12:06:27.251 | INFO | gdsfactory.technology.layer_views:__init__:779 - Importing LayerViews from KLayout layer properties file: /home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/gdsfactory/generic_tech/klayout/tech/layers.lyp. ## Skywaters 130nm PDK loaded. ['/home/cass/unic-cass/pdks/sky130A/libs.tech/klayout/pymacros', '/usr/lib/klayout/pymod', '/usr/lib/python310.zip', '/usr/lib/python3.10', '/usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload', '/home/cass/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages', '/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python3.10/dist-packages', '/home/cass/unic-cass/pdks/volare/sky130/versions/6d4d11780c40b20ee63cc98e645307a9bf2b2ab8/sky130A/libs.tech/klayout/python'] Warning: Initialization of layers failed: Unable to open file: /home/cass/unic-cass/pdks/volare/sky130/versions/6d4d11780c40b20ee63cc98e645307a9bf2b2ab8/sky130A/libs.tech/klayout/tech//sky130.lyp (errno=2)
Klayout is searching for sky130.lyp but it cannot find it. The technology configuration file in Klayout is libs.tech/klayout/tech/sky130A.lyt. Take a look at the contents of this file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<technology>
<name>sky130</name>
<description>SkyWater 130nm technology</description>
<group/>
<dbu>0.001</dbu>
<default-grids/>
<base-path/>
<original-base-path>/home/cass/unic-cass/pdks/volare/sky130A/versions/6d4d11780c40b20ee63cc98e645307a9bf2b2ab8/sky130A/libs.tech/klayout/tech</original-base-path>
<layer-properties_file>sky130.lyp</layer-properties_file>
<add-other-layers>true</add-other-layers>
...
</technology>
Obviously, the configuration file use the string sky130 for the name and the layer-properties_file is sky130.lyp. The problem is that the files are named sky130A.lyp in the libs.tech/klayout/tech folder. This leads to our solution to change the name into sky130A and the layer-properties_file into sky130A.lyp. This can be easily done by the following command:
sed -i -e 's/sky130/sky130A/' $PDK_ROOT/$PDK/libs.tech/klayout/tech/sky130A.lyt
The contents of libs.tech/klayout/tech/sky130A.lyt after being modified:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<technology>
<name>sky130A</name>
<description>SkyWater 130nm technology</description>
<group/>
<dbu>0.001</dbu>
<default-grids/>
<base-path/>
<original-base-path>/home/cass/unic-cass/pdks/volare/sky130A/versions/6d4d11780c40b20ee63cc98e645307a9bf2b2ab8/sky130A/libs.tech/klayout/tech</original-base-path>
<layer-properties_file>sky130A.lyp</layer-properties_file>
<add-other-layers>true</add-other-layers>
...
</technology>
After these modification, we can start using Klayout to create/edit layouts.